Phantom

The **encrypted computer** is a powerful concept: a system where both program memory and instructions remain encrypted, enabling entirely new paradigms such as encrypted social networks or encrypted smart contracts.

At Phantom Zone, one of our core goals is to build such a computer. As a first step, we have release Phantom, a prototype encrypted RISC-V virtual machine. Phantom’s FHE-VM validates the feasibility of executing programs entirely under encryption by running RISC-V binaries expressed over the plaintext polynomials used in FHE schemes, providing realistic cost estimates for the encrypted variant.

With Phantom, developers can write their programs in Rust, which are then compiled into RISC-V binaries and transformed into plaintext polynomials for execution on the FHE-VM. The production version will go further, encrypting the transformed binaries locally so programs with hardcoded secrets or external encrypted states can run securely on encrypted inputs. Execution traces remain unintelligible to the server, ensuring that neither the program nor the inputs are revealed.

Read more in our blog post.